Ethiopia has been confirmed as a new source of copper-bearing tourmaline that fits the widely accepted definition of paraíba tourmaline, following independent research by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) and Gübelin Gem Lab.
The two laboratories reached the same conclusion through separate investigations, each working with independently sourced samples supported by provenance information. Their findings point to Ethiopia as a significant emerging origin for the material.
Gübelin’s interest in the Ethiopian stones began in May 2026, when several samples displayed a chemical profile that did not correspond with its existing reference material from Brazil, Mozambique or Nigeria. The laboratory subsequently built a collection of around 300 rough and polished stones from independent sources, including material gathered during a gemmological visit to Ethiopia.
According to Dr. Peter Tollan, Head of R&D at Gübelin Gem Lab, the Ethiopian material can be distinguished from paraíba tourmalines of other origins without relying on advanced research techniques such as LA-ICP-MS.
GIA began its own investigation in June 2026. More than 100 rough and faceted Ethiopian samples were later submitted to its research department in Carlsbad, California, providing a broader basis for comparison and origin analysis.
The material is primarily blue to bluish green, although violet, purple and colourless zones have also been identified. Strong colour zoning appears to be a recurring feature.
Chemical analysis revealed several characteristics that help separate the Ethiopian stones from established paraíba sources. Both laboratories recorded vanadium levels exceeding 60 ppm, while lead was measured between 170 and 6,000 ppm and gallium between 280 and 900 ppm. These elements can be assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), offering practical indicators for identifying Ethiopian material.
GIA has confirmed that Ethiopia can now be reported as an origin on its Tourmaline Identification and Origin Reports.
The emergence of Ethiopia expands the known geographic landscape of paraíba tourmaline and introduces a new source to the international supply chain. As mining and production develop, both laboratories plan to continue building their Ethiopian reference collections.
Detailed independent studies from GIA and Gübelin are set to appear in a forthcoming issue of Gems & Gemology, providing further insight into the material’s characteristics and geographic identity.
